What is a neuron?

Neurons Are Heterogeneously Shaped, Highly  Active Secretory Cells. Neurons are classified in many different ways,  according to function (sensory, motor, or interneuron),  location (cortical, spinal, etc.), the identity of the transmitter they synthesize and release (glutamatergic,  cholinergic, etc.), and their shape (pyramidal, granule,  mitral, etc.).

Structure of a neuron

1.Dendrites 

Dendrites are the input cable of neuron which bring information or spikes from the other neurons to the cell body and axon hillocks .

2. Cell body or Soma

Cell body is the part of neuron where all the process happens like mitrochondria, nucleus, protien synthesis, dna , rna, cytoplasm, etc 

3. Axon hillock

Axon hillock work like integrator of incoming signals.

4.Axon

Or output cable where neuron pass their information if reach Threshold.

A neuron has three main parts. The cell body directs all activities of the neuron. Dendrites  extend out from the cell body and receive messages from other nerve cells. An axon is  a long single fiber that transmits messages from the cell body to the dendrites of other  neurons or to other body tissues, such as muscles. A protective covering called the myelin  sheath, covers most neurons. Myelin insulates the axon and helps nerve signals travel  faster and farther.

More cells in the brain

Brain has equally important cells like glia which is maybe the more important . You know einstein brain had much more Glia than an average human being. Glia is taken from glue .a cell which act like a glue and make a robust foundation ,provide nutrition to other neurons , make blood brain barrier,and communicate using calcium spikes.Glia is in the equal quantity or more depends on the area you looking at? this post describes much more than what is a neuron?

Other perspectives

Sometimes i question to myself how we are diffrent from robots or machines when we are using the same electricity .

At the single neuron level, information processing involves the transformation of input spike trains into an appropriate output spike train. Building upon the classical view of a neuron as a threshold device, models have been developed in recent years that take into account the diverse electrophysiological makeup of neurons and accurately describe their input-output relations.

SUM UP

so what is a neuron?a neuron a simple input output device which integrate signals exicte other cells and grow their branches for connect to other neurons.

What make us more intelligent more concious is this collosol amount of these tiny neurons. And what they do. Are they just for carrying electricity or store previous threshold memory.now you have the answer what is a neuron? And why its important.

You can read more hereWHAT IS A NEURON?

Feel free to give suggestion or critics . I'll improve that in near future.